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Access to computers using dynamic public IP DNS Dynamic

NOTE: In Mexico, only the ISP Telmex (to my knowledge) offers dynamic public IP addresses to their users by default. Other ISPs, most cable companies (Megacable, Cablevision, etc), provided by default private IP addresses not being able to do what is explained below.

Sometimes we need access from Internet to our computer at home. Although we do using the address Public IP provides us with our ISP, to be dynamic it can change at any time leaving us incommunicado. There is a solution to this and is called Dynamic DNS .

DynDNS.com to associate a dynamic IP address to one or more subdomains of a large list of available domain names, including dyndns.org. Internet can be accessed from our home server using the subdomain minombre.dyndns.org. To do this we need to install a DynDNS client on our server that is responsible to inform and update the settings in DynDNS.com when the public IP changes.

First you need to sign in DynDNS.com. Once registered, you will receive A confirmation email we logueamos and go to "My Account", then "My services", in "Host Services" choosing "Add Hostname" and follow the wizard.

Then you have to configure the router ports and redirecting Telmex desired services to our server. This is done from the "intruders Lock Settings", choose the computer you want to redirect the port and add the desired service (Web, SSH, etc). If the service is not listed, you can add a personalized by clicking on "Add a new user defined application."

Then, on our server, install ddclient is a client for DynDNS: # aptitude

install ddclient
During installation it will ask the provider of Dynamic DNS service, choosing www.dyndns.com , placing the user and DynDNS password. Then he replied that If to the question of whether we want to obtain the IP address by checkip.dyndns.com. Then select the option from a list as the methods of selection for updated names.

If during the process marks a product of an error error in DynDNS password or user can run the following command to reconfigure ddclient.
# dpkg-reconfigure ddclient

can also be configured manually through the file / etc / ddclient.conf:
protocol = dyndns2
use = web, web = checkip.dyndns.com, web-skip = 'IP Address' server = members.dyndns.org

usuariodeDynDNS
login = password = 'passwd'

If you have to adjust manually restart the Web service and service ddclient:
/ etc/init.d/apache2
/ etc / init.d / ddclient

The / etc / default / ddclient also has settings:
run_ipup = "false"
run_daemon = "true"
daemon_interval = "1800" Alternatively

Dynamic DNS is to use No-IP.com and noip2 client is in the debian repositories.

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Use Gmail to send mail via exim

The following article explains how to use a Gmail email account on a server to send mail overseas (any email) and users of the system. The advantage is that you need to buy a domain and configure the mail service as MTA. Exim4 is used to do.

First, you install exim4:
# aptitude install exim4 exim4-config mailx

To configure exim properly run the following command:
# dpkg-reconfigure exim4-config

starts a wizard configuration, which will ask some data, answering the following:
general type of mail configuration: The mail sent by smarthost; is received via SMTP or fetchmail
Mail System Name:
localhost IP addresses in which incoming SMTP connections: 127.0.0.1
Other destinations for which mail is accepted: left blank
Machines to relay mail for:
left blank IP address or computer name for the smarthost outgoing smtp.gmail.com:: 587
Want Hide local mail name in outgoing mail?:
not Keep number of DNS queries (dial on demand)?:
No delivery mechanism for local mail: mbox format in / var / mail
Split configuration into small files?:
not
The information provided in the wizard are stored in "/ etc/exim4/update-exim4.conf.conf" and "/ var/lib/exim4 / config.autogenerated. "

Then you need to configure the gmail user account to use for sending emails. edit the file / etc/exim4/passwd.client and added the following lines by modifying the user name and password from the Gmail account you want to use: gmail-smtp.l.google.com
: NombreDeCuenta@gmail.com: Password
*. google.com: @ gmail account name. com: smtp.gmail.com
Password: NombreDeCuenta@gmail.com: Password

must verify that the file / etc/exim4/passwd.client owned by root and Debian-exim group and that can only be read by them (by default, so it is). Otherwise run:
# chown root: Debian-exim / etc/exim4/passwd.client
# chmod 640 / etc/exim4/passwd.client

Restart the mail service to apply the changes :
# / etc/init.d/exim4 restart

To view or monitor the operation of exim (and can see when sending mail problems or potential problems), runs:
# tail-f / var / log / exim4/mainlog

To prove it works you can send a mail from the console
echo 'Content Test mail " FROM the name of the user of the system that sent the email. That is, if you send a mail to root, the FROM field of the email will say: root (NombreDeCuenta@gmail.com)
So far you can send emails to any external email account (Gmail.com, hotmail.com, cualquierDominio.com, etc) and local users. Local users can receive messages as normal using the mail command, mutt or mail client.

mails For local users of the system will be sent to an external mail account you need to edit the file / etc / aliases and creating an alias to local users who want to send to an external account. Being similar a: root: usuarioDelSistema
usuarioDelSistema: CualquierCuentaDeUsuario@gmail.com


This indicates that the emails you send will receive CualquierCuentaDeUsuario@gmail.com usuarioDelSistema.

restarts mail service to apply the changes:
# / etc/init.d/exim4 restart

On some pages that mention must modify the file "/ etc / email-addresses", but not necessary.


SOURCE:
http://wiki.debian.org/GmailAndExim4 http://mail.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?answer=78799

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hard disk space reserved for root



The ext3 file system and ext4 by default reserves 5% of disk space for root partition by reducing the disk space that can be used. This is very useful in the root partition (/), / var and / root if at any time since the partition is full, thanks to the space reserved root can access the system free space and solve the problem. However, the partitions which are intended for storing data (such as / home) is not much point wasting that% 5 of space. If you only have one partition for the whole system is recommended to leave this room to spare.

tune2fs command is used to display and modify the space to root.

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Partitions in GNU / Linux


GNU / Linux can be installed on one partition, but sometimes it is advisable to use different partitions for certain directories. For example you can split the area of \u200b\u200bexchange (swap), / boot, / home, / mnt, / opt, / root, / tmp, / usr, / var, etc on different partitions.

If you want to partition, the size to allocate to each partition varies depending on usage will be given. Below is the most common partitions that can divide a hard disk space recommended for those partitions:

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Check HDD status